The European Community Institutional Framework Essay Example for Free

The European conjunction Institutional Framework EssayThe European friendship which has its history back in the 1950s when the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was formed to cater for the interests of expanding coal and steel market among member states which stood at six during its formation. In 1957 the European Economic Community was formed together with the European Atomic Energy Community, the Merger Treaty Merging of the executives, 2007 saw the three bodies merge afterwards to give birth of the now cardinal seven member-European Community (EC).The creation of this super body is based on a number of treaties that govern its operations, these treaties that were drafted and mutually agreed up on and emphasize to provide for the formation of various institutions tat oversee the day to day running of the communitys affairs. The formation of the European community was chiefly to iron out out physical boundaries between member states and also to hasten the rate of ec onomic development among other reasons.Due to the diverse interests of the populations of the member states, the community follow various laws that provide the legal foundation for the representation of these interests. One of the main functions of the legal framework is to give the base for the creation of institutions which cater for the diverse interests of the members.The communitys institutional framework is considered to be unique chiefly because of its separation of power between the three arms that are the basis of it operation, i.e. the judiciary, legislature, and the executive, and partly due to its attempts to secure equal representation of diverse interests while keeping a proper balance between them. The community has got various institutions that are divided in to two categories i.e. politically based institutions ad the non-politically based ones. The political institutions include the parliament, the commission, and the council, the non-political ones include court of justice and the court of auditors.

Associates vs Bachelor Degree in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Associates vs Bachelor Degree in Nursing EssayBachelor degree explosive charge for classs are highly regarded for the skilled, clinical thinking, and professionalism of nurses they support for the friendship. Obtaining a baccalaureate in care for provides the same skills and knowledge encompassed in most associates programs, while allowing a broadened look into research, public health, management, and liberal arts (AACN IENP, 2012). Many facilities are now providing incentives for nursing staff to continue their education from tuition reimbursement, an increase in pay, and played time off for the sole place of education. Research has proven that with a to a greater extent amend nursing populous on that point is a decrease in morality rates and medication errors, and it alike provides more positive outcomes (AACN Fact Sheet, 2012). With such a high demand for nurses, the scope of nursing has become more comprehensive with a larger indebtedness being placed on nurses. A ll of this has shown not only to the medical field but also policymakers and other leaders of the community that a higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) level of education not only makes a difference, but many feel it should be a requirement.The difference between a baccalaureate and associates degree program may seem obscure at first, but looking into the information and research that students learn in a four year program verses a three year program can be shocking. When looking into the core requisites needed to graduate with a bachelors verses an associates, some obvious differences are the higher levels of English, math, communication, and pathophysiology required to graduate with a BSN.Also, the higher level track work required to complete a bachelors shows the necessity of critical thinking and research a nurse needs to even graduate. Once past the prerequisites required for a bachelors in nursing we have to exam the nursing course work itself. As stated before, most of the associates program is incorporated in a bachelors degree with an associates the clinical experience is more limited to the clinical displace hospitals, nursing skilled facilities, and rehab centers, where as many bachelors programs also included public and community projects.Bachelors programs also put a broader focus on ethics, religion and spirituality, research, spheric awakeness and public health, as well as nursing leadership and management (GCU, n. d. ). Nursing care is focused on the assessment, nursing diagnoses, planning, implementation, and evaluation of patients. This nursing process can also be implemented in aspects outside of nursing and on the nursing field as a collective group. The nursing role is evolving, following the process the outcomes have to be evaluated and put into perspective.Research is being completed the conclusions are all the same, the higher education of nursing care the wear out the patient outcomes. In an article published in Health Servic es Research in August 2008 that examined the effect of nursing practice environments on outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients undergoing surgery, Dr. Christopher Friese and colleagues found that nursing education level was significantly associated with patient outcomes. Nurses prepared at the baccalaureate-level were linked with lower mortality and failure-to-rescue rates.The authors conclude that moving to a nurse workforce in which a higher proportion of staff nurses have at least a baccalaureate-level education would result in easily fewer adverse outcomes for patients. (AACN Fact Sheet, 2012) A Jewish patient is awaiting discharge after receiving an open heart procedure. The difference a bachelors educated nurse and an associate degree nurse may have on the patient can be profound in this scenario.A bachelors nurse go forth have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this patients condition, instead of providing instruction on just the patient after care of the p rocedure the higher level education will allow the nurse to incorporate teaching of the patients condition that brought along the cause of the procedure, the nurse will be provide a broader education base to help the patient better understand the treatment and the conditions that they may face.The bachelors nurse will be able to better identify environmental factors, diet and exercise factors, and other stresses that could be changed to promote health wellness for the patient. The bachelors nurse will be more a ware of community based health assistance and programs that will help the patient make more positive health changes. The bachelors nurse will be more aware of the patients religious requirements and needs, this may help the patient in making better overall health and wellness decisions.Also, BSN nurses have a more in-depth education in regards to ethics and religion, this may provide a more trusting bond between the nurse and patients allowing the patient to see that the nurs e is there for providing care not only in his treatment but all aspects of the patients wellbeing. The history of nursing provides a great foundation and interpret on how nursing came into existence and how nursing has always strived for higher education. Before World War II great strides were made for university nursing programs, with the onset of war and the need for nurses, diploma and associates nursing found its place (Creasia and Friberg, 2011).Many feel that the nursing shortage is the reason that diploma and associates nurses programs still exist. Though, with the growing population that has increase comorbidities it is more important than ever for nurses to have higher education. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing. 2012. Fact Sheet Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce. pdf American Association of Colleges of Nursing. 2012. The Impact of Education on Nursing Practic e.Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Creasia and Friberg. (2011). Conceptual foundations The bridge to professional nursing practice. (5th ed. ) St. Louis, Missourit Mosby Inc. Retrieved from http//pageburstls. elsevier. com//books/978-0-323-06869-7/pages/47247567 Grand Canyon University. (n. d. ). Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN to BSN). Retrieved from http//www. gcu. edu/degree-programs/registered-nurse-to-bachelor-of-science-in-nursing.

Developing New Philosophies in Art

Developing New Philosophies in prowessIntroductionIn the stage setting of western nontextual matter, many fine finesseists from the groundbreaking ruse accomplishments shape their prowessistic approaches through the avant-garde ideals they ar convinced of. These ideals are the beliefs that behave like doctrines in their implement against the political background where both war world mavin and two took place. The modern cheatificeistic production termination gave birth to art full treatment of revolutionary value a produced in ascension against handed-down art practices, models, methods consequently altering the long established perception on functions of art. bThe change in artistic perceptions are considered being more suited for the environment where the social, economic, and intellectual conditions have changed. cThis research is propelled from the queries that arise in my practice as a visual artist where my interest revolves more or less questioning the ide ntities of occasional objects. I question the acceptedity of their existence, the absoluteness in their definitions and forms presented by the e genuinelyday pompous reality. solicition in the context of this writing refers to the absurd attempts of redefining existing sure definitions framed by everyday conventional reality. As Theodor Adorno agrued modern art is as abstract as the real relations among men f (Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, 45) and then this writing takes the approach of looking at the radical efforts of selected artists from the modern art period who have demonstrated in their practice, added new ratios to their investigated subjects. These artists that are selected in this case of study strive to submit alternate perspectives to the existing mundane definitions in each of their artistic domains. The definitions borne of the conventional reality taken into their investigation include the ideas on object, form, colour, age and space. Such subjects are continuou sly reinterpreted and given new definitions by the artists of this period.Research questionsThe research questions in this writing aims to contemplate and justify the practice of the selected artists who are unsated with mundane representations of the conventional reality against the background of their political situation. What are the trajectories taken in their practise of these pursuits? How are their artistic beliefs justified in their practise? What are the truths in the definitions of these subjects defined by conventional reality if reinterpretations could be justified? What is the impact of these reinterpretations in the scene of visual arts during the modern art period? How are the Singapore contemporary artists influenced by these ideals? These redefinitions in and of visual arts lead to main research question in this paper what constitutes and substantiates the meaning of real in conventional reality? Can these be a projection of psychological reality g as positioned by Erin G. Carlston of modernMethodologyProclamations of the artists beliefs in varied aspects executed through diverse methodologies are imprinted in manifestos and documented in writings of artists and art critics. trickists with similar aims come together amongst another(prenominal)s, which resulted in different and peradventure co-related art movements. Within some of these selected co-related art movements is the sign of migration of the artists whose beliefs change or are said to echo more closely the credo of later movements. The urge of this writing look into modernity as a continuity of movements (from late nineteenth coulomb to 1970) through the study of interconnected artists.While artists have their innate interpretations of what the subject matter could be, the core of my research is an attempt to rationalise the array of artistic definitions and trace the evolution of these new reinterpretations across the radar of different modern art movements to the present con temporary art scene. It exit also be strived for in this research to compare the conventional and the artistically portrayed definitions of the studied subjects. Hence, this seeks to get up the tempo to the main research question. However, it is not the purpose of this research to embrace or establish any reinterpretations as the epitomised explanation in the field of visual arts.Artist with similar research subjects will be compared and categorized together across modernity with their artistic journeys examined under an umbrella. Ideally, the conclusion to this research will be to piece and compare particles of similar reinterpretations across the selected different modern art in western art history in order to derive a relatively holistic depiction of each investigated subject. Therefore critical studies will be make on the artists thinking, whole kit and boodle, bolt, writings, manifestos and critics responses. How does each artist re-define and justify their subjects in their art works? How do these reinterpretations affect the way we currently look at these investigated subjects? How are these ideas translated in contemporary art? Ultimately, what could be the main doubt nates all these reinterpretations that the conventional reality is illusive?In the latter part of the writing, two cases studies of Singapore artists influenced by the modern art ideals in this writing will be included.As the study of this research will be carried out in the investigation of per-art-movement approach, I intend for this work to be documented and presented in the form of a journal (running account) where the recordings of critical findings and personal interpretations are written in a formal yet time-sensitive format. This approach is analogous to the chronological art movements that have taken place, such as a piece of time-based artwork.Modern art movementsThe major(ip)ity of modern art artists selected for study in this research guide new philosophies and ways of se eing. They were interested in promoting better fitting ideologies for the changing Western society during the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, where ideas on traditional forms of art amongst others, were deemed obsolete. It was then artists established an unofficial pledge of individualism in their practice. d Many modern art manifestos retort towards older conventional dogmas making modernism an era inherent of revolutionary responses especially towards what was aesthetically, morally or politically accepted.e Here, art movements where traditional ideologies were initiated from the art movements that took place before the early nineteenth century encompass Medieval Art, Renaissance, Neoclassicism and Romanticism.Although most of the artists are stylised according to the art movements where they are branded under, each of them practise according to their individual beliefs where self disposition remains a signatory feature of many modern art artists. Hence, interventio ns on what art encompasses includes the process of art making, discussion on the physicality of the materials utilise from the traditional viewpoint to the resultant work itself. Functions of art are largely debated and revamped during this timeframe.Although modernism does not support models on enlightenment, it does however, reflects the questioning of the axioms in the practice of its artists. handle on abstraction in forms is often a response penetrating into this area of research. Majority of the artists included in this writing either produces abstract works or sort out solutions to their practice in an abstract and unconventional manner as opposed to abstraction per se.Areas of research Reasons behind the selection of major modern art movements (arranged chronologically, in terms of association) Include artists and their idealsCubismThe ideas that rejected traditional perspective of stemmed strongly from the Cubism movement spearheaded by Pablo Picasso and George Braque. T his movement brought about an avant garde aligning of the European paintings and sculptures by redefining the one-viewpoint perspective in these genres. First of its kind in creating multiple viewpoints on one surface of the canvas and assembly of sculptural forms, this movement reinvented what the view of an image could be from a traditional standpoint. The conceptual concerns also involve the elements of space and time.Der Blaue ReiterThis art movement started because of the rejection of Wassily Kandinskys painting from an exhibition and naturally revolves around his artistic beliefs since there is no record of a core artistic manifesto. This group believed in expressing spiritual truths though their abstract works, in contrast to transfer the existence of spiritual truths by figurative depiction of biblical scenes.A study drawing the parallels and differences between Kandinsky and Paul Klee will be included.FuturismWith the adoption of Cubism, Furturism developed its style of b roken colours and divided short brush strokes that emphasised on the connection of movements, technology and speed amongst other elements contributing to industrialisation. Breaking away from the conventional idea of capturing a freezed moment on canvas or in sculptural form, this movement dwelled at the portrayal of moving motions in objects. This is universal vigor was being read as the connection between objects and their surroundings, where none was a standalone element. Artists with distinctive styles include Umberto Boccioni and Giacomo Balla.SupermatismThe originator of this movement is Kasimir Malevich who had been inspired by Cubism and Der Blaue Reiter. He wrote a book The Non-objective World which relates the interest of this movement, focusing on basic geometric forms especially the square and the circle. Introducing the idea of replacing regular images with geometric forms or non-white masses, Suprematism also integrated the spirit of Futurism into its philosophy with non-euclidian geometry where forms are imagined to be in movement. Another important thinking infused in the movement was the idea of the fourth dimension by P.D. Ouspensky.De StijlThis movement advocated the ideal of utopia. It pushed the spirit of Suprematism to new heights by its attempt to communicate the ideas of spiritual harmony and order through the manipulation of only when primary colours including black and white, geometric forms of only the square and the rectangle, with straight horizontal and vertical lines. The underlying philosophy in its artistic direction was cognize as neoplasticism or the new plastic art, a new term and improvised methodology in the history of western modern art. Piet Mondrian, an important attribute in art history, invented the term neoplasticism for his abstract paintings wrote in his essay Neo-Plasticism in Pictorial Art that As a pure representation of the human mind, art will express itself in an aesthetically purified, that is to say, a bstract form The new plastic idea cannot therefore, take the form of a natural or cover representation 1 soda waterThe legacy that Dada has left and impacted on the contemporary art world of today, lies in its embrace of extraordinary materials, methods and strategies2 unthought-of in the history of art movements prior to it.Although Dada started out to assume a very definite political identity2 due to the war, it evolved to adopt the character of undermining expectations and shocking the viewer into questioning blindly accepted, fundamentally repressive conventions and structures of all kinds 4 in cities further from the catalyst of the Great War. Marcel Duchamp and Constantine Brancusi participated in the Dada movement. Both friends created works that transcend the conventional representation of reality where the meaning of form is reinterpreted in their practice.Fluxus is a 1960s attitude that is highly associated to Dadaism. It gained many insights from Marcel Duchamp and ther efore their art performances are associated with the idea of perceived connection of the everyday objects. It is know that artworks produced under the influence of Fluxus are simple, handmade, humorous and small. Yoko Ono and Joseph Bueys are renowned artists linked to this style.SurrealismMetaphysical art movement is the catalyst for the development for both Dada and Surrealism. Metaphysical art promoted illogical reality where objects are placed out of their explanatory context in conventional reality in paintings, to explore their inner conscious of being. This spirit is being continued in Surrealism where Andre Breton first became the leader of. He also supports Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic methods and went on to develop automatism and explore the real function of thought. The group believed it was a better method to call for societal change compared to Dadas aggressive opposition on existing values.Abstract Expressionism SpiritualityThis movement originated from America and t his terms applied to the new abstract art of the 1940s and 50s. With similar aims from Surrealism, the movement believed in that art should come from the unconscious mind and also involving the spiritual, took steps to further refine this re-interpretation of art. There are two groupings in Abstract Expressionism action painters and colour field painters. In action painting, artist like Jackson Pollock realised the process of making work is as vital as the work itself. The discussion on the physicality of the work and the journey in the gestural making of the work as the artwork itself was hence debated by the art critics then. On the other hand, Paul Klee and Barnett Newman experimented with the psychological use of form and colour, keeping their objectives to only the basics.MinimalismOften being put across as a movement in opposition to Abstract Expressionism in terms of their philosophies and discourse, Minimalism took an extreme reductive approach in the creation of works. Cont rary to the complex surfaces of works under Abstract Expressionism, it was argued that the basics could represent the state of sublimation better, an attempt to re-decipher the spirit in art. These works are at their most fundamental essential, geometric forms, a feature analogous to works produced under De Stijil. Artists like Donald Judd, Sol Lewitt, and Tony Smith integrated these ideologies and took their works to the maximum with seemingly minimal complications. Robert Morris wrote in defining the framework of Minimalism to be very much about the idea of the gestalt hence re-defining the edge in visual arts. Consequently, Minimalism became a bridge to postmodern art practices.Op Art forms and illusionsOp Art is also known as optical art which is a painting method that gives the eyes optical illusions. It sets off perceptual experiences that stem from the interplay of the figure-ground relationship, patterns and colours. Although this form of art received positive responses fro m the public, art critics thought of it merely as trickery to the eyes. Optical art is also about seeing and understanding the seen. In Bridget Rileys works, one could experience movement with the changing patterns and colours. This is the perception illusion has given by a still object, and in this case a painting sparks off the thought of the illusions that arise from objects in the conventional reality. How does one define the real and unreal in conventional reality?Postmodern art and Contemporary artAlthough art works produced after World War II are considered as contemporary works in some literature texts, works produced after the mid-seventies to the present are considered as contemporary study. Postmodern artworks were created in response and some say in rejection to modern art movements. However, museums like Tate treated postmodern works to be a continuation of modern artworks. Ideals rejected by the modern art movements are re-established during postmodernism. Therefore u topian ideals are carefully scrutinised and examined to provide relatively up-to-date views on the investigated subjects.Exhibition component (non-theoretical/practical module)I am interested in the re-interpretation of objects in my practice. Works will be made to address similar research questions in this proposal to complement the theoretical component of the course.NOTESNeo-Plasticism. 2009. Tate. 04 Dec. 2009. .Leah Dickerman et al., Dada Zurich, Berlin, Hannover, Cologne, New York, Paris. (Washington, D.C National Gallery of Art, and New York, 2005) ix.Richard Huelsenbeck, En Avant Dada A History of Dadaism, 1920. Theories of Modern Art A Source Book by Artists and Critics. Eds. Herschel B. Chipp, Peter Selz and Joshua C. Taylor. (Berkeley University of California Press, 1968) 378.Sarah Ganz Blythe and Edward D. Powers, Looking at Dada (New York The Museum of Modern Art, 2006) 3.Art in theory, 1900-2000 an anthology of changing ideas By Charles Harrison, Paul Wood Page 360http //www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387137/modern-arthttp//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387137/modern-arthttp//books.google.com.sg/books?id=rsZ-fGso3gICpg=PA1dq=modern+artclient=firefox-acd=5v=onepageq=f=false Modern art a very short introduction By David Cottington pg 10http//books.google.com.sg/books?id=rsZ-fGso3gICpg=PA1dq=modern+artclient=firefox-acd=5v=onepageq=f=false Modern art a very short introduction By David Cottington pg 6theodor Adorno , aesthetic theory, p45) Extracted fromThe Problems of modernity Adorno and Benjamin By Andrew E. BenjaminThinking Fascism Sapphic Modernism and Fascist Modernity By Erin G. Carlston

Consumer Buying Behavior: Digital Marketing

Consumer Buying Behavior Digital MarketingA very principal(prenominal) aspect related to the online selling is its ability to wrap up potential customers irrespective of time and location. A major trans homunculusation has occurred due to the evolution of the meandering(a) phone. sprightly merchandising has been defined as the utilization of a medium that is radio receiver to visualize that consumers take in access to information that is real time-based, location-sensitive and personalized, which calculates towards promoting products, services, and ideas, thus proving beneficial for all stakeholders (Robinson, Wysocka, Hand, 2007). According to (Shukla, 2010) erratic marketing bequeath come out(p) to be extremely popular on account of the fact that the supple phone leave be practiced as a personal device.Mobile commerce has been the outcome of the swift development of the mobile phone. /Definitions related to mobile commerce alike in all existent publications. Mobile commerce proceedings refer to all transactions conducted finished a mobile communication network using monetary values. According to Robinson, Wysocka and Hand, (2007) (Robinson, Wysocka, Hand, 2007) whatsoever e-commerce transaction that uses the media of mobile devices and that is conducted through wireless telecommunication networks and other wired e-commerce technologies may be termed mobile commerce. According to Frolick and Chen, (2004) (Frolick Chen, 2004) mobile commerce maybe defined as any form of mobile communication that occurs between a business and its customer.Dholakia and Dholakia opine that mobile commerce is used to carry out electronic commerce-transactions throuvgh mobile phones and wireless terminals. Finally, (Balasubramanian, Peterson, Jarvenpaa, 2002)define any transaction that is carried out over a wireless telecommunication network, either directly or indirectly, as mobile commerce.Thus, to conclude, mobile commerce may be considered to be a business model that enables a consumer to undergo all the steps of a commercial transaction simply using a mobile phone.The media through which consumers leave behind be able to conduct their transactions have the potential to undergo transformation primarily due to the development and usage of mobile commerce as a technology that is gradually emerging. Not just consumers but marketers too argon attracted to mobile commerce that is based on wireless communication technology. The availability of this new technology go out provide for a complete realise-over in the fields of advertising, retailing and shopping in the domain of marketing. Companies that want to conduct business operations in mobile markets must then, be ready to adopt mobile marketing and mobile commerce.Mobile commerce will be similar in many respects to the internet-based e-commerce but it will also be distinct in some aspects. These argonUbiquity- The ability that makes it feasible for mobile commerce to be availed of anywhere and at any time.Personalization- Mobile hardware undoubtedly is limited by its memory capacity. However, software can be used in such a way that the users needs are satisfied.Flexibility- Users can conduct transactions and/or receive information even when they are engrossed in other activities, such as, travel or work.Dissemination- It is quite workable that the people who act as the origins of information (for example, local retailers) may make use of the wireless network of mobile commerce so that the customers get the required, specific information.Convenience- Users can operate mobile phones very easily.Instant connectivity- Marketers can use the mobile phones to connect with target users just by clicking a button.Location- It is possible to provide location-specific information and products using a mobile phone.The channels related to mobile commerce and mobile marketing need to be comprehended and further analyzed although a number of companies utilize these channels extensively. This research aims at conscription the attention of entrepreneurs towards the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) operators as well as towards the opportunities that exist in the domain of mobile commerce and mobile marketing. This research will focus on (1) mobile commerce and concepts related to mobile marketing (2) tools available for mobile marketing (3) the significance of mobile marketing in India and (4) the comprehension and examination of consumers attitudes towards mobile marketing tools.The digital world has introduced a new aspect of marketing and branding and this has seen an increase in the number of consumers who have turned to the digital space to get their daily dose of entertainment, education, media, and more.The profits, social media, interactional television, CDs, DVDs, and cell phones are all various aspects of the digital world and these will be favored extensively by people in the context of digital marketing. The usage of digital media will prove to be an extremely embody-efficient measure that will efficiently enhance the online presence of a business thereby increasing it manifold.The popular saying that there is no such topic as a free lunch has been negated by the digital media. This is because marketing using social media and blogs will be seen to help an individual reach out to professionals who were thus far untouched. Also this will increase the visibility among the users of the websites. Consumers will be b able to avail of these services at no cost (Cheung, 2006).If I refer to the figures from Internet World Stats dated March 2008, Internet usage is said to have risen to 91.3% between 2000 and 2008. The spurt in Internet usage has been seen as enabling companies to grab the chance to interact with global customers through online advertising thus resulting in spending of over USD 60 trillion in 2008. (Media, 2008)The aspect of digital marketing is quickly automated and adapted to. Digital market ing unlike its other counterparts will be available 24 hours a day, and will not be disrupted by weekends, holidays, hangovers, late lunches, etc. Digital marketing will be easy to connect to and will follow all commands without questioning. It will target prospects, who are interested in the products displayed that very moment (Nicopolitidis, Obaidat, Papadimitriou, Pomportsis, 2003).. Digital marketing will be most preferred because advertising space online will be much cheaper than the print version and will offer better visibility.. The content however will have to be framed in such a manner as to be of use to consumers or else it may have a negative impact. This low-cost marketing technique is expected to be useful to small businesses too.Marketing prospects will increase because of the availability of information through digital media. It will now be possible to decide the target consumers and use a mix of various measures, examinations and profiling of consumers/segmentation to enable a two-way communication process (Thomas Gillenson, 2003).2. stressThe interactional digital advertising perspective includes presentation of information using means that depend on digital technology. Using digital technology makes it possible to create an immediate communication process between marketers and consumers (Stewart, 2004). Consumers can control advertising through interactive digital media by manipulating what they view on the essay while surfing online (Stern, 1994). Given that it can be measured easily, it is precise, customized, and personalized apart from being able to target consumers easily (Iii Woodside, 2005), interactive digital marketing ends up being a very good potential tool for advertisers (Radzeviciute Sliburyte, 2005).Tools that refer to interactive digital advertising include the Online community, short messaging systems, and the hit of photographic images using computers that have internet access and mobile phones, which are commonly u sed today (Stewart, 2004). It can be clearly seen that interactive digital advertising will explore and further strengthen the connection between computers with internet access and mobile phones. advertizement using the above-mentioned media will also be sub-divided into internet-based e- and netmail advertising, and mobile-phone-based SMS- and MMS-type advertising.3. Research AimsThe main objective of the research will be to examine the attitudes of the consumer towards the four different types of interactive digital advertising including Internet-based e- and e-mail advertising apart from the mobile-phone-based SMS- and MMS-type advertising.4. Research ObjectivesThe chief aims of the research includeTo estimate if there have been changes in the Indian customers buying behavior due to digital marketing.To evaluate the attitude of the consumers in the context of interactive digital advertising.To analyze different marketing models.To study the various strategies and policies that organizations are likely to follow in this dynamic Indian market.5. Literature ReviewGiven the prolific use of digital media interactivity amongst advertisers and consumers, marketing activity has been upwardly impacted. Any form of advertising that includes the chances of interacting with consumers is cognize as interactive digital media. A producer can use this medium to interact with consumers by conducting campaigns related to his products (Schlosser, Shavitt, Kanfer, 1999).The TV-like experience is no longer applicable today. Consumers now demand much more given the rapid inroads being made by interactive digital advertising. Consumers also prefer options like In-Stream, In-Game, HD interactive video, IPTV, interactive kiosks, and mobile advertising platforms (Cho Cheon, 2004). This undoubtedly heralds a change in marketing and the shifts are obvious. Though these run parallel to the increased expectations of consumers these in no way put any boundaries as there may be new and modern forms of advertising that may evolve in the future.The main aim of any Digital Advertising medium will be to draw the attention of the consumer by inventing new and creative advertisements that enable development of personal relations. overbold technology will enable agencies and advertisers to make use of, evolve and reach new levels of brand-awareness and consumer commitment (Martin, van Durme, Raulas, Merisavo, 2003). This new medium of advertising will coat the way for agencies and advertisers alike to command increased values in terms of worth that is returned.Using the internet as a medium for advertising will now gain significance for gathering consumer information as there has been a rise in the number of internet users (Cheung, 2006). Mobile phones will look that targeting consumers becomes even more accurate compared to what it was like before and advertisers will be able to reach potential clients at places and times that are most fitting for the marketing campaign, while at the same time ensuring high interactivity (Nicopolitidis, Obaidat, Papadimitriou, Pomportsis, 2003). The internet advertising industry will thus take recourse to mobile phones (Thomas Gillenson, 2003). Advertising within these two potential channels may be of four types and will include Internet-based advertising through the website (e-advertising), emailing (email advertising), and mobile-phone-based advertising (m-advertising) of the SMS- (short messaging service) and MMS-types (multimedia messaging service).If I consider the two communication media forms, interactive and individual,, they will comprise what I call interactive digital advertising. It is important to understand consumer behavior towards this medium as the attitudes of the consumer will impact consumer exposure, attention, and reaction to individual advertisements (Schlosser, Shavitt, Kanfer, 1999).There have been a few instances of empirical studies carried out in the context of consumer atti tudes and e-advertising (Ravi, 2005). Yet, a majority of the literature fails to include email advertising in its research. Many are unsuccessful in distinguishing email advertising from other forms of advertising. Still, there is limited research which emphasizes email advertising (Martin, van Durme, Raulas, Merisavo, 2003). If I consider advertising, there exist a small number of articles that focus on consumer attitudes towards SMS-type m-advertising, including the study by Tsang, et al., (2004), Rettie, et al., (2005), and Carroll, et al., (2007). The new genesis MMS-type m-advertising has received practically no attention from the academic aspect.The fact is that consumer markets and communication media will become fragmented to a great extent (Karson, et al., 2006) so it is important that the differences between the media in the advertising domain be noted. Any analysis that is carried out, which focuses on these differences will enable the marketers to get in-depth informat ion related to the application and suitableness of individual sub-types of interactive digital advertising. It will also help choose between the four available sub-types of interactive digital advertising channels to ensure that the message is communicated correctly to the customers. Still, empirical studies related to this subject are rarely found. This research will help aid further study into consumer attitudes related to interactive digital advertising. Actually, this research will aim at identifying the differences that are present in consumer attitudes, which may be related to these four sub-types of interactive digital advertising. I can conclude by stating that the research questions in this study will be designed so as to elucidate whether the attitudes of the consumers differ when it comes to internet-based e- and email advertising, and mobile-phone-based SMS- and MMS-type advertising.Today, when the media are so fragmented there are several ways that can be used to creat e advertising campaigns that use synergetic Digital Advertising. Interactive Digital Advertising will be inevitable given the Internet is becoming an inseparable and intrinsic part of our lives.6. Research MethodologyResearch methodology is the core behind any research that is conducted. I will opt for the Questionnaire method since the primary data suits the needs of this research. There were 20 questions included in the questionnaire that were simple to comprehend. The questions were all close-ended. This has eased the workload of both the researcher and the respondents.

Byzantine Influences on Islamic Architecture

mired Influences on Islamic ArchitectureIntroductionThe current definition of globalization incorporates the significant idealism that matchlesss culture supersedes that of another, regardless of any potential beneficial amalgamation. Throughout history, the idea of conquer, and more removely, the annihilation of governmental bodies and social stratification has guide to the exponential function growth of social resources. It is therefore, through with(predicate) the inclusion these alternate, yet significant diversities that growth has been most efficiently affected. One significant assimilation was that of the Byzantine computer architecture into the future day construction of Islamic magnates. While the disintegration of Byzantine society cannot be entirely accredited to the endure of the Islamic forces, it is through unvarying attempts at duty and tireless warfare, coupled with the foresight of Islamic leadership to reintegrate many of the highly effective design maxims into their architecture, that the structures that remain today occupy such spectral indemnification among followers. Truly, the Byzantine puzzle out in not only early, but red-brick Islamic architecture has shaped not only the ceiling of unearthly piety, but the ideology of a charismatic and well-preserved religious force.Byzantine ArchitectureThe Byzantine Empire itself whitethorn easily be defined as a cultural melting pot, or more definitively, the globalized integration of religious and cultural views, centralized around one spectacular city Constantinople. It is through the re-integration of revitalised world views that throughout the rein of this Empire, substantial cultural and societal gains were enacted. These gains include the incomparable architectural advances which greatly influenced the future surrounding areas and reverent incorporation of tough architectural masterpieces into their framework. Not to be excluded, the Roman and Greek influences within Byzantine architecture engineered significant structures, so inspiring and well defined that they would become morphological affecters even to this day. Most notably, the advances towards structural engineering as well as iconography would influence religious societies for many future generations.The definitive Byzantine structure may be characterized by a uncommonly architectured high dome, including theological depictions ornately carved which a lot demonstrateed the religious icons of the era. The re-definition of the church foundation which occurred during this timeframe eliminated the reliance on a boxed structure with four walls and incorporated structurally definitive six to eight cornered buildings which would also serve to support the dome itself. Additionally, and specially integral to future Islamic interpretation, the use of Corinthinan capitals, or remaining Roman text carved into stone and placed within the structure of the building for esthetic purposes, would determine f uture scriptural formations and lettering on the outside of mosques and buildings.While the Byzantines themselves were primarily Christian, and especially during the first rulers reign, persecuted non-christian residents, often to the death, the influence that their architecture, as well as their cultural devotion would have on future Islamic nations is highly visible in many of their structures. by the bye in its historical prescedence, the life of Mohammed would drastically influence this empire, as Muslim forces gained strength and began to attack southern Byzantine territories. Byzantine energies focused just about entirely to the east and to the south. The western countries, the Europe that Byzantium at one time looked to for their identity and history, began to steadily fade from their horizon.1 In spite of the Islamic forces, Byzantine architecture represents the preservation of Roman influence which continues to affect building design to this day.Islamic InterpretationThe integration of Byzantine architecture into Islamic religious structures continues to affect new building design in this region of the world. One of the similarities between the Byzantine (Christian Majority) and Islamic societies was the lack of iconographic interpretations. Both religions severely preached the elimination of religions depictions through idolatry or stone iconography. In this format, the singular representation of religious devotion would come form the incorporation of religious words and text that would line the walls or pillars in this mosque. Additionally, the minimization of exterior flourish would encourage entrance into the spiritual dwelling. The influence of this technique of exterior minimalization, while re-defined interior actualization would greatly affect modern construction. The multitude of decorative treatments of surfaces in Islamic architecture, the use of almost every conceivable technique and the development of a rich repertory of designs from geometric to epitome shapes to full-scale floral patterns, from minutely executed inscriptions in a full variety of calligraphic styles to the monumental single words that serve as both religious images and decoration is without parallel in the architecture of the non-Muslim world.2 Reverence beneath ornately decorated structures would encourage religious piety, and incorporate the devotion of the follower through his affectation from the surrounding architecture.Further notable incorporations of Byzantine architecture include the utilization of mosaic forms, the amalgamation of discolourful tile or stone to represent an image with religious moment, the high dome structure supported by multiple pillars or bases, and an extensive palate pastel and complementary colors which would binge the interior of the structure itself. In spite of the mediated exterior flair, the re-introduction of color and style into the interior of the structures themselves can be much attributed to Byzan tium influence.Utilizing marble and mosaic, coupled with centuries of preservation, the Mosque of capital of Syria was effectively created as a second Mecca, or identified within the Islamic religion as a powerful venue of absolute worship. The unique history of this structure incorporates the identification with the Byzantine ruling religion, as after the Islamic conquest of Damascus in 661, during the reign of the first Umayyad caliph Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan, the Muslims share the church with the Christians. The Muslims prayed in the eastern section of the ancient temple structure and the Christians in the western side.3 The Byzantines, a predominately Christian society, were willing to share this area of significance with the Islamic followers due to the highly divine identification which was incumbent within the location to both cultures. This diversification of venue, paired with the influence of Byzantine architects, led the caliph to construct a building which has endured ca lamity while edifying the necessity of piety through the ornate calligraphical representations and integration of inspiring color and mosaic.Additionally, the multiple pillared structure, as well as many arches and octagonal foundation clearly represents significant influence from the Byzantine era to the Islamic interpretation. Articles from the ledger have been requisitioned to the support structures of the domed ceiling as devotees may kneel and raise their eyes to remember the sacred text above them. There is a distinct lack of man or animalistic influence, as the iconography is specifically relegated to the religious features non-idolatrated. Finally, the amazing mosaic which surrounds the entire building, coupled with the engraved marble offers direct insight into the influence of Byzantine predecessors.Example 2 Dome of the RockCurrently, one of the most important structures in Islamic religion, the Dome of the Rock, represents a venue of extreme importance and, venerated by the Muslims, it is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven.4 This simple belief has served as an instrumental catapult for many different wars and battles which evolved around the structure and location of the site. Essentially, this is a monumental domed structure created by Abdul Malik ibn Marwan in approximately 685 AD. The Byzantine influence may be immediately recognized through the multiple arches, the pillars grave with Koranic text, and the mosaic colorization which highlights both the exterior and interior of this remarkable structure. Additionally, the layout featuring extensive foundation and lack of religious iconography represents the direct Roman influence on the Byzantine architects. In fact, this structure continues to be represented, not as an Islamic specific creation, but as a mimic to a most remarkable work in Syria kn possess as the Cathedral of Bosra, created during a time of Roman rule.5 And, as previously identified, it was through Roman integration a nd inspiration that the transcendence of architecture framed the Byzantine empire.ConclusionEasily identified through didactic calligraphy, spectacular mosaic, and highly inspirational domed structures, the Islamic identification with Byzantine influence has offered society a unique example of cultural assimilation without full scale disintegration. Representatively, the Roman influence throughout the globe has offered some of the most remarkable architectural features, including dam and aqueduct construction, in addition to modern buildings and bridges. Through tri-cultural amalgamation, the Islamic Caliphs were able to integrate the most effective traits of this Byzantine interpretation and redirect those features into their own religious facilities. The bright colored, highly regimented structures remain today as a reminder of necessitated devotion for followers they are the inwrought proponents of spiritual migration, and the constant belligerent behavior surrounding their main tenance offers unique perspective into a cultural clash regarding the choice of architectural foundation. The beauty and multi-cultural integration of these structures and architecture, however, is ultimately essential to preserve, as the historical implications of pre-capitalist globalization offers direct insight into the highly devout nature of mankinds spiritual and cultural plight, the effect of which has far stretch determinations into the future.Referenceshttp//archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=7161http//historymedren.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Yasdn=historymedrencdn=educationtm=27gps=115_456_1436_699f=00tt=14bt=1bts=1zu=http%3A//www.wsu.edu%3A8080/%7Edee/MA/BYZ.HTMhttp//islamicart.com/main/architecture/intro.htmlhttp//www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.htmlKuban, Dogan. Moslem Religious Architecture Development of Religious Architecture in later Periods. New York, NY Brill Academic Publishers, 1997.1http//historymedren.about.com/gi/ dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Yasdn=historymedrencdn=educationtm=27gps=115_456_1436_699f=00tt=14bt=1bts=1zu=http//www.wsu.edu%3A8080/%7Edee/MA/BYZ.HTM2 http//islamicart.com/main/architecture/intro.html3 http//archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=71614 http//www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.html5 Dogan Kuban, Moslem Religious Architecture, Brill Academic Publishers, 1997, p. 17

A Comparison of McDonalds and Foxs Diner :: comparison compare contrast essays

McDonalds and Foxs Diner McDonalds and Foxs Diner are two of the restaurants in Lake City, Tennessee. provided even though they both sell hamburgers in the same town, they dont stupefy anything else in common. They cater to different types of customers, there is a noticeable difference in service speed, and every facet of doing business is handled differently. Even the atmosphere of these two places is in contrast. These two restaurants do not compete for the same customers. McDonalds is located middling off the interstate, so many of their patrons are not local re boldnessnts. Another reason is that they are universally live onn. Foxs is further away from the interstate. Aside from the over-the-road truck drivers who know the area, most of the Diners customers are local residents. As well as targeting different customers from Foxs Diner, McDonalds also places more emphasis on speed. McDonalds makes job specialization an integral plane section of their operatio n. They crank meals out on an assembly line. They use computers to take orders, automatic timers to assist in cooking, and radio headsets to communicate. Even the color scheme used by McDonalds promotes speed. Studies show that loud colors like red and yellow increase customer turnover. With the exception of handling money, tasks are shared by the staff at the diner and there isnt anything high-tech about the operation. Foxs Diner is a world away from the bland, impersonal McDonalds just a few miles north. It sits on the right side of a two-lane highway leading into town. The Diner serves both as a truck stop and as the restaurant for a small motel conterminous door. The parking lot looks vacant until about five in the morning because it is large enough to accommodate a dozen tractor trailers. Years of use have left potholes and a patchwork of asphalt that resembles a moth-eaten quilt. The diner itself is a doublewide trailer set high on a five foot, cinderblock foun dation. An aluminium awning extends outward about six feet along the front of the building. Underneath the awning, yellow fluorescent lights, which theoretically do not attract bugs, glow at night. They are mounted over a row of metal framed, screened-in windows.

A Connectionist Model of Poetic Meter :: Poetry Writing Essays

A Connectionist Model of Poetic Meter Abstract. Traditional analyses of amount are hampered by their inability to image the interaction of various elements which affect the stress patterns of a line of poetry or provide a agreement of notation fully amenable to computational analysis. To solve these problems, the connectionist models of James McClelland and David Rumelhart in Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing (1988) are applied to the analysis of English poetic meter. The model graphically illustrates the dynamics of a poetic line and incorporates a number of features associated with the actual oral performance of a poetic text, while providing a notational system that allows mathematical analyses of poetic meter. One of the salient features of poetry is its metrical structure. Many poets use regular patterns of stress to achieve spec ific aesthetic effect readers expect such patterns and foreground them in their oral recitations of the poems, whether they be read aloud or subvocally. Consider the opening line to Wordsworths Tintern Abbey Five years boast past five summers, with the length . . . According to traditional rules of scansion, this iambic pentameter line would receive a heightened stress on the alternate even numbered syllables years, past, sum-, with, and length. Yet the repeat of the adjective five calls for some degree of accent mark upon each occurrence of the word, even though it is found in an unstressed position. But how much emphasis? More than the stressed with? More than years? Is the stress equal in both uses of five? And where does the stress or emphasis come from--from our act of interpretation or from an intonation pattern generated by the syntax?